揭仲的國防與中共軍事專題研究

論文摘要

軍事力量的境外運用，已成為今後共軍的重要任務；而要能用兵於境外並達成戰略目的，就有賴於戰略投送能力；尤其是能將建制兵力精確、高速、直接地投送到任務地區，並能快速展開形成戰鬥力的空中戰略投送能力。

    目前共軍空中戰略投送能力，在實體部分主要由「軍隊建制空中戰略投送力量」、自民航業抽調飛機組成的「戰略投送支援機隊」，和「戰略投送基地」等三種力量所組成；此外，機場作業能力和指揮管理資訊化程度，也與空中戰略投送的能力密不可分。

    儘管近年共軍在提升空中戰略投送能力上，有不少的著墨，但由於優先順位和相關工程因涉及大量民用設施、所需資源龐大等因素，目前仍存在許多問題。研判共軍未來仍會按「以軍隊航空運力為主體、以民用航空運力為補充」的原則，持續擴充可執行空中戰略投送的載具數量，同時會繼續推動戰略投送體系建設，並持續提升空中戰略投送指揮管理的資訊化，及加速完成部隊行動方案。

    本文擬透過對共軍學者針對相關議題的研究成果，與中共官方媒體報導內容的分析，探討「共軍戰略投送與空中戰略投送之意義」、「共軍空中戰略投送能力的現況」、「共軍空中戰略投送能力的問題」、「後續階段強化重點」等，期望能獲得初步性的框架，作為後續研究的起點。

關鍵字：戰略投送、空中戰略投送、戰略投送支援機隊、戰略投送基地

Abstract

If mainland China uses force against Taiwan, whether its People’s Liberation Army (PLA) can “fight a quick battle to achieve quick results” to prevent against intervention by major military powers and possible chain reactions is of critical importance. One of the elements of “a quick battle with quick results” is for the PLA to precisely project within the shortest time possible a significant number of whole-unit troops and large amounts of materiel from all parts of the mainland to Taiwan proper and surrounding theaters of operations.

However, in a campaign against Taiwan, the PLA will deploy a huge number of troops and the scale of the war, its extent and intensify, and the materiel consumed will be enormous. Strategic delivery for such a campaign will be more difficult than any similar or same missions the PLA had ever executed up to now. The PLA originally expected its strategic delivery capability to reach by 2020, after the completion of this most recent round of military reform, the level required for an invasion of Taiwan. As a matter of fact, there is still considerable room for the PLA to improve in “delivery power,” “ground infrastructure,” and “informatization and development of a strategic delivery system.” Likewise, “joint sea-air delivery training” and “protection for strategic delivery” need to be greatly improved as well.

To acquire strategic delivery capability adequate for an invasion of Taiwan as early as possible, the PLA took measures like “Enhancing Delivery Forces” and “Perfecting the Delivery System” in 2011. After the most recent military reform formally kicked off in 2015, the PLA began to focus on “establishing an integrated joint delivery command system,” “civil-military integration,” “planning and launching joint delivery drills,” “strengthening Eastern Theater Command’s execution capacity” and others. In our estimation, the focus in the future will be on “raising the level of informatization,” “beefing up protection for strategic delivery,” “planning and launching realistic sea-air delivery drills,” “perfecting relevant laws and regulations and technical standards,” and “reinforcing the strategic channel in the East China Sea Direction.” The aim is to improve overall strategic delivery capability.

Keywords: strategic delivery, PLA reform, joint attack operations against a big island, civil-military integration